Tsvagiridzo nyowani yegungwa inoratidza kuti meltwater yeAntarctica iri kudzikisa mafambiro emugungwa akadzika ayo anokanganisa zvakananga mamiriro ekunze ePasi.
Makungwa epasirese anogona kuita seakafanana kana akatariswa kubva padanho rechikepe kana ndege, asi pane zvakawanda zviri kuitika pasi pedenga. Nzizi huru dzinotakura kupisa kubva kunzvimbo dzinopisa kuenda kuArctic neAntarctica, uko mvura inotonhorera yobva yayerera zvakare yakananga kuequator. Vanhu vanogara kumhenderekedzo yekumabvazuva kweNorth America neEurope vanoziva Gulf Stream. Pasina iyo, nzvimbo idzi dzingadai dzisingagariki, asi dzingadai dzakatonhora zvikuru kupfuura zvadziri zvino.
Iyi animation inoratidza nzira yepombi yepasi rose. Miseve yebhuruu inoratidza nzira yekuyerera kwemvura yakadzika, inotonhora, yakakora. Miseve dzvuku inoratidza nzira yemvura inodziya, shoma shoma. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti “pakiti” remvura rinogona kutora makore 1 000 kuti ripedze rwendo rwaro kuburikidza nebhandi repasi rose rinotakura zvinhu. Mufananidzo kunobva: NOAA
Mafungu emugungwa ndiwo, sekutaura, kutonhora kwemota. Kana chero chinhu chikakanganisa kuyerera kwakajairika kweinotonhorera, chimwe chinhu chakaipa chinogona kuitika kune injini yako. Chinhu chimwe chetecho chinoitika paNyika kana mafungu egungwa akavhiringwa. Havangobatsiri chete kudzora tembiricha yePasi, asi vanopawo kudya kwakakosha kunodiwa kuhupenyu hwemugungwa. Pamusoro pane dhayagiramu yakapihwa neNOAA inotsanangura mashandiro emvura yemugungwa. Pazasi pane tsananguro yemuromo yeNOAA.
"Thermohaline Circulation inofambisa hurongwa hwepasi rose hwemvura yegungwa inonzi Global Conveyor. Conveyor belt rinotangira pamusoro pegungwa pedyo ne pole dzeNorth Atlantic. Kuno mvura inotonhorera nekuda kwekupisa kweArctic. Inovawo nemunyu nekuti kana mazaya egungwa aita chando, munyu hauonde uye unoramba uri mumvura yakapoteredza, pasi pemvura inotonhora yakawedzerwa. Kuyerera kwemvura yepamusoro kunotsiva mvura inonyura, kuchiita mafungu.
"Iyi mvura yakadzika inofamba ichienda kumaodzanyemba, pakati pemakondinendi, ichiyambuka equator uye kusvika kumagumo eAfrica neSouth America. Mvura yegungwa inoyerera ichitenderera kumativi eAntarctica, apo mvura inotonhora zvakare uye inonyura, seNorth Atlantic. Uye ndizvo zvazviri, bhandi rekutakura "richaja." Mushure mekutenderera kuAntarctica, zvikamu zviviri zvakaparadzana kubva kubhandi rekutakura uye kutendeukira kuchamhembe kweIndia Ocean, uye imwe chikamu kuPacific Ocean.
“Sezvatinoenda kuchamhembe takananga kuequator, mativi maviri aya anotsemuka, odziya, uye anova asina kukorana sezvaanokwira pamusoro.” Ipapo anodzokera kumaodzanyemba nokumadokero kuSouth Atlantic uye pakupedzisira kuNorth Atlantic, uko kutenderera kunotangirazve.
Mabhandi econveyor anofamba zvishoma nezvishoma (masendimita mashoma pasekondi) pane mhepo kana mafungu (makumi kusvika kumazana emasendimita pasekondi) Zvinofungidzirwa kuti cubic mita chero ipi zvayo yemvura inotora makore angangoita 1000 kuti ipedze rwendo rwayo pasi rose. yeRwizi rweAmazon.
"Conveyor belts chikamu chakakosha chekufambisa kwekudya uye carbon dioxide mumakungwa enyika." Mvura inodziya pamusoro pemvura inopera mukudya uye carbon dioxide, asi inowedzerwa zvakare apo inopfuura nepakati pebhandi rekutakura sezvikamu zvakadzika kana substrate. Hwaro hwecheni yezvokudya zvenyika.
Ongororo itsva yakabudiswa musi wa29 Kurume mumagazini inonzi Nature inoratidza kuti Antarctica painodziya, mvura inobva mumazaya echando inonyunguduka inogona kuderedza mafungu makuru aya emugungwa nezvikamu makumi mana kubva muzana muna 2050. Mugumisiro uchave kuchinja kukuru kwemamiriro ekunze ePasi kusipo chaizvoizvo. Izvi zvinonzwisiswa zvakanaka, asi zvinogona kukonzera kukurumidza kwekusanaya kwemvura, mafashama uye kukwira kwegungwa. Tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti kudzikira kwemvura yemugungwa kunogona kuchinja mamiriro ekunze epasi kwemazana emakore. Izvi, zvakare, zvinogona kuva nemigumisiro yakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira kukurumidza kukwira kwegungwa, kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze uye mukana wehupenyu hwemvura hune nzara pasina kuwana nzvimbo dzakakosha dzekudya.
Muzvinafundo Matt England, kubva kuYunivhesiti yeNew South Wales 'Center for Climate Change Research uye munyori-mubatanidzwa wechidzidzo chakabudiswa mujenari Nature, akati mvura yose yakadzika yegungwa yakanga iri munzira yaro yekudonha. "Kare, zvaitora makore anopfuura 1 000 kana kuti kupfuura kuti kutenderera uku kuchinje, asi iye zvino zvinongotora makumi mashoma emakore. Izvi zviri kuitika nekukurumidza kupfuura zvataifunga, kutenderera uku kuri kuita zvishoma nezvishoma. Tiri kutaura nezvekutsakatika kwenguva refu. “
Kunonoka kwemvura yakadzika yegungwa kunokonzerwa nehuwandu hwemvura inonyura pasi pegungwa uye yozoyerera ichienda kuchamhembe. Dr Qian Li, aimbove weYunivhesiti yeNew South Wales uye parizvino weMassachusetts Institute of Technology, ndiye munyori mukuru wechidzidzo ichi, icho chakarongwa neEngland. Kuderera kwehupfumi “kuchachinja zvakanyanya kuita kwegungwa pakupisa, mvura yakachena, okisijeni, kabhoni uye kudya kunovaka muviri, zvichireva kumakungwa enyika yose kwemazana emakore anotevera,” vakanyora kudaro. Imwe mhedzisiro inogona kuve shanduko yakakosha mukunaya kwemvura - Dzimwe nzvimbo dzinowana mvura yakawandisa uye dzimwe dzinowana shoma.
"Hatidi kugadzira nzira dzekuzvisimbisa munzvimbo idzi," Lee akadaro, achiwedzera kuti kudzikira kwakadzika gungwa rakadzika, kuchinyima mweya weokisijeni. Zvisikwa zvomugungwa pazvinofa, zvinowedzera kudya kumvura inonyura pasi pegungwa uye inotenderera mumakungwa ose enyika. Izvi zvinovaka muviri zvinodzoka panguva yekukwira uye zvinoshanda sechikafu che phytoplankton. Iyi ndiyo nheyo yeketani yezvokudya zvegungwa.
Dr Steve Rintoul, nyanzvi yezvemakungwa uye nyanzvi yeSouthern Ocean kuHurumende yeAustralia yeCommonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, vakati sezvo kutenderera kwakadzika kwegungwa kunononoka, chikafu chishoma chichadzokera kumusoro kwegungwa, zvichikanganisa kugadzirwa kwephytoplankton. zana remakore.
"Kana kutenderera kwemhepo kuchinonoka, tinogona kungoitangazve nekumisa kuburitswa kwemeltwater kuAntarctica, zvinoreva kuti tinoda mamiriro ekunze anotonhorera uye tozomirira kuti itangezve." taura zvakasiyana.”
Muzvinafundo Stefan Rahmstorf, munyori wezvemakungwa uye mukuru weEarth system analysis kuPotsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, vakati chidzidzo chitsva ichi chinoratidza kuti "mamiriro ekunze akatenderedza Antarctica angangowedzera kupera simba mumakumi emakore ari kuuya." Mushumo mukuru wemamiriro ekunze weUN une “zvipingamupinyi zvakakura uye zvenguva refu” nekuti hauratidzi kuti meltwater iri kukanganisa sei pakadzika pegungwa. “Mvura yakanyunguduka inonyungudutsa munyu uri munzvimbo idzi dzegungwa, zvichiita kuti mvura isaite kukora zvekuti haicharemerwi kuti inyure uye kusundira kunze mvura yatovemo.
Sezvo avhareji tembiricha yepasirese iri kuramba ichikwira, pane chinongedzo pakati pekuderera kwemvura yemugungwa uye kudiwa kwegeoengineering kutonhodza pasi. Zvose zvichava nemigumisiro isingafanozivikanwi inogona kuva nemigumisiro inoparadza paupenyu hwevanhu munzvimbo dzakawanda dzenyika.
Mhinduro, hongu, ndeyekudzikisa zvakanyanya carbon dioxide uye methane emissions, asi vatungamiriri venyika vanonoka kugadzirisa zvine hukasha nyaya idzi nekuti kuita izvi kunozokonzeresa kudududza kubva kune vanotengesa mafuta uye kutsamwa kubva kune vatengi vanovimba nemafuta. Mafuta anopisa motokari, anopisa dzimba uye anopa simba paInternet.
Kudai United States yakanga yakakomba zvikuru pamusoro pokuita kuti vatengi vabhadhare kurasikirwa kunokonzerwa nokupisa mafuta ezvisaririra, mutengo wemagetsi anobva mumagwenya anobatidzwa nemarasha waizopetwa nekaviri kana katatu, uye mutengo wepeturu waizopfuura $10 parita. Kana chimwe chezviri pamusoro chikaitika, ruzhinji rwevavhoti ruchazhamba uye kuvhotera vavhoti vanovimbisa kudzosa mazuva akanaka ekare. Namamwe mashoko, sezvingabvira tichapfuurira kuenda kunguva yemberi isina chokwadi, uye vana vedu navazukuru vachatambura miuyo yokukundikana kwedu kuita nenzira ipi neipi ine revo.
Muzvinafundo Rahmstorff vakati chimwe chinoshungurudza chekudzikira kwemvura yemugungwa kunokonzerwa nekuwedzera kuwanda kwemvura yakanyungudika muAntarctica ndeyekuti kunonoka kwemvura yakadzika yemugungwa kunogona kukanganisa huwandu hwecarbon dioxide inogona kuchengetwa mukadzika megungwa. Tinogona kubatsira kudzikisira mamiriro ezvinhu nekudzikisa kabhoni nemethane kubuda, asi pane humbowo hushoma hwekuti kuda kwezvematongerwo enyika kuita izvi kuripo.
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