Ivhu redombo redombo muCentral Antarctica harina kumbobvira raive nehutachiona.
Kekutanga, masayendisiti akawana kuti zvinoita kunge pasina hupenyu muvhu panyika. Ivhu rinobva kune maviri mhepo yemhepo, matombo emakwenzi muAntarctica emukati, mazana matatu emakiromita kubva kuSouth Pole, uko zviuru zvetsoka zvechando zvinopinda makomo.
"Vanhu vagara vachifunga kuti hutachiona hwakanga hwakaoma uye hazvo aigona kugara chero," anodaro Noa firer, ecologist ecologist kuyunivhesiti yeColorado Boulder ane Chikwata Chamachinda ivhu. Mushure mezvose, zvisikwa zvega zvega zvapera Asi mushure megore rebasa, muriridzi uye nedzidziso yake mudzidzi Nicholas Dragon haana kuwana chero zviratidzo zvehupenyu mumaAntarctic ivhu ravakaunganidza.
Firer uye dhiragoni yakadzidza ivhu kubva ku11 dzakasiyana makomo makomo, inomiririra mamiriro akasiyana siyana. Izvo zvinobva zvakadzika uye zvisinganyanye kutonhora makomo munzvimbo dzine mabhakitiriya uye fungi. Asi mune mamwe makomo ezvikamu zviviri zvepamusoro, akashata uye anotonhora makomo makomo hapana zviratidzo zvehupenyu.
"Hatigoni kutaura kuti zvinhu zvisina kufanira," mufemberi. Microbiologists akajaira kutsvaga mamirioni emasero mumapendero wevhu. Naizvozvo, nhamba shoma kwazvo (semuenzaniso maseru zana anoshanda) anogona kupukunyuka. "Asi sekuziva kwedu, ivo havana chero hutachiona."
Kunyangwe imwe ivhu isina kunyatsoitika kwehupenyu kana kuti yakazoonekwa aine mamwe masero ekurasa, zviwanikwa zvitsva zvichangobudiswa muJernal Biogeoscience anogona kubatsira mukutsvaga kwehupenyu paMars. Itarctic ivhu rinogara zvachose, rizere nemaronda ane muchetura, uye haana kunge aine mvura yakawanda yemamirioni emamirioni, akafanana neivhu reMartian.
Ivo vakaunganidzwa panguva yeNational Science Foundation-Mari yeNhau muna Ndira 2018 kuenda kunzvimbo dziri kure dzemakomo eTransantartic. Ivo vanopfuura nepakati pemukati mekondinendi, vachipatsanura iyo yakakwira polate yepombi kumabvazuva kubva kuCour-Inhema Ice kumadokero kumadokero. Masayendisiti akagadzika musasa pane shackleton glacier, iyo 60-maira conveyor bhandi yechando inoyerera pasi pakafungu mumakomo. Vaishandisa Helikoptopra kuti vabhururuke kune ma altegres akakwira uye kuunganidza samples kumusoro uye pasi glacier.
Mumakomo anodziya, emvura ari pasi pemakumbo echando, akangoerekana ava pamusoro pegungwa inonzi chitubu. Mapapiro emapapiro. Aya mavara asina chinhu, eshushi ane chiuru chimwe chete chiuru huwandu hwehutachiona hwakawanikwa mune rakanyatso manicucured lawn, zvakakwana kupa chikafu chemichero yemuchadenga anochengetera pasi pechiso.
Asi izvi zviratidzo zvehupenyu zvishoma nezvishoma zvakanyangarika sezvo timu yamboshanyira makomo akadzika akadzika mudenga. Pamusoro pekucheka, vakashanyira makomo maviri-gomo reSchroeder uye negomo rejasi-dzinosvika makubhiti enhatu.
Kushanya kugomo reSchroeder kwaive nehunhu, anoyeuka Byron Adms, biologist kuBrigham Yunivhesiti Mudiki University muProvo, Utah, uyo akafambisa chirongwa ichi. Tembiricha pazuva rino zhizha riri padyo ne 0 ° F. Mhepo inoyemuranga zvishoma nezvishoma yakadzvanya chando uye chando, ichisiya makomo asina kutyisidzira, kutyisidzira kusimudza kusimudza uye kukanda mapfumo ebhedhi dzavainge vaunza kuchera jecha. Iyo nyika yakafukidzwa munzvimbo dzakatsvuka makomo akaputirwa pamusoro pemazana emamirioni emamiri nemhepo nemvura, ichivasiya vakadzika uye vakapukutwa.
Masayendisiti akasimudza dombo, vakawana kuti chigadziko chayo chaive chakafukidzwa nehunhu hwevachena, makristasi ane muchetura, cholarate, uye nitrate. Perchlarates uye Chlorares-Inosimbisa Salts inoshandiswa mune roketi mafuta nemaindasitiri bleach, anowanikwawo mukuwanda pamusoro peMars. Pasina mvura yekushambidza, munyu unounganidza pamakomo aya akaoma antarctic.
"Zvakafanana neshumiro paMars," akadaro Adam. Paunonamatira foshoro mukati, "Iwe unoziva kuti ndiwe chinhu chekutanga kuvhiringidza ivhu mune nekusingaperi, pamwe mamirioni emakore."
Vaongorori vakataura kuti kunyangwe panguva dzakakura dzakadaro uye mumamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara, ivo vachiri kuwana hutachiona hwehupenyu muvhu. Asi izvo zvinotarisirwa zvakatanga kupera kusvika muna 2018, apo dhiragoni yaishandisa nzira inonzi Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) kuwona Droctial DNA Dhiragoni yakaedzwa 204 samples kubva pamakomo kumusoro uye pazasi glacier. Sampuli kubva kuderera, inotonhorera makomo yakaunza huwandu hwakawanda hweDNA; Asi mazhinji samples (20%) kubva kuNystem dzakakwirira, kusanganisira mazhinji kubva kuGomo reSchroeder uye Roberts Massif, haana kuedzwa kuti chero mhedzisiro, ichiratidza kuti vaive nemazvo microsisms kana kuti zvimwe hapana zvachose.
"Paakatanga kundiratidza mimwe mhedzisiro, ndakafunga, 'chimwe chinhu chakaipa,'" Ferrell akadaro. Akafunga kuti panofanira kunge paine chimwe chinhu chisina kunaka nemuenzaniso kana iyo lab midziyo.
Dhiragoni yakabva yaita nhevedzano yekuwedzera kuedza kutsvaga zviratidzo zvehupenyu. Akabata ivhu ne glucose kuti vaone kana zvimwe zvisikwa muvhu zvakachichinja kuenda kuCarbon dioxide. Aive achiedza kuwana kemikari inonzi ATP, iyo inoshandiswa nehupenyu hwese pasi pano kuti iite simba. Kwemwedzi yakati wandei, ndiverengera zvimedu zvevhu mumusanganiswa wakasiyana-siyana zvisina kunaka, tichiedza kugonesa hutachiona hwaripo kuti huve hwekukura mumakoloni.
"Nick akakanda kicheni kunyura pama samples aya," Ferrell akadaro. Pasinei nemiedzo yese iyi, haawana chinhu mune mamwe ivhu. "Zvinoshamisa chaizvo."
Jacqueline Gurdial, iyo mickbiologist kuYunivhesiti yeGuelph muCanada, kunyengedza zvakaita kuti: "Kunyanya kuedza kwaDhira kuona kuti ndedzipi zvinhu zvinokanganisa mukana wekutsvaga hutachiona munzvimbo yakapihwa. Akaona kuti kukwirira kwakakwirira uye kukwira klorate ndiko kufungidzira kwakasimba kwekutadza kuona hupenyu. "Iyi inonakidza inonakidza," yakanaka akadaro. "Izvi zvinotiudza zvakawanda nezve miganho yehupenyu pasi pano."
Haasi kunyatsogutsikana kuti ivhu ravo nderekusava noupenyu, pamwe nekuda kwezviitiko zvake mune chimwe chikamu cheAntarctica.
Makore akati apfuura, akadzidza ivhu kubva kunharaunda dzakafanana mumakomo eSpranantctic Paakazvinhira kwemwedzi makumi maviri pa 23 ° F, tyke remuzu yemitambo mumupata, ivhu harina kuratidza zviratidzo zvehupenyu. Asi paakateera ivhu sampuli madhigiri mashoma pamusoro pekusunungura, vamwe vakaratidza kukura kwehutachiona.
Semuenzaniso, masayendisiti akawana kuti masero ehutachiona anoramba ari mupenyu kunyangwe mushure memazana emakore mumazaya echando. Kana vabatwa, iyo sero metabolism inogona kudzora miriyoni nguva. Ivo vanopinda mudunhu ravasisiri kukura, asi chete DNA JER Goodyyear anofungidzira kuti "vanononoka vanononoka" vanogona kunge vari ivo vakawana muMupata - anofungidzira kuti kana dhiragoni akaongorora kakapetwa kakapetwa kanowanda.
Brent Christian, uyo anodzidza antarctic microbes kuFlorida muFloridalle, anotenda izvi zvakakwirira-kukwira, ivhu rakaoma raigona kubatsira kuvandudza kutsvaga kwehupenyu paMars.
Akacherekedza kuti Viking 1 uye Viking 2 Spacecraft, iyo yakaiswa paMars Dzimwe dzevhu idzi dzinova dzakanyoroveswa kubva kumeltwater muzhizha. Ivo havana chete microorganisms chete, asi mune dzimwe nzvimbo zvakare honye uye dzimwe mhuka.
Kusiyana neizvi, ivhu rakakwirira, dzakaoma dzeGomo Roberts uye Gomo reSchroeder rinogona kupa zviri nani kuongororwa zvirimo mariridzwa veMartian.
"Pamusoro peMars zvakaipa kwazvo," Kristu akadaro. "Hapana zvemagetsi zviri pasi pano zvinogona kurarama pamusoro pechiso" -Kuita chidimbu chepamusoro kana zviviri. Chero kupihwa spacecraft irikuenda ikoko kunotsvaga hupenyu inofanira kuve yakagadzirirwa kushanda mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakashata pasi pano.
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