Purofesa tiffany shaw, purofesa, department of geoscience, University of Chicago
Iyo yekumaodzanyemba hemisphere nzvimbo yakaoma kwazvo. Mhepo pazvinhu zvakasiyana siyana yakarondedzerwa se "kuomba madhigirii makumi mana," madhigirii makumi mashanu okutsamwa, uye "kupopota madhigirii makumi matanhatu". Mafungu anosvika chileps 78 tsoka (24 metres).
Sezvo isu tese tichiziva, hapana kana chinhu chamhembe hemisphere chinogona kuenderana nedutu rakasimba, mhepo nemafungu kumaodzanyemba hemisphere. Sei?
Muchidzidzo chitsva chakabudiswa mumatanho enhabvu chesainzi, vandinoshanda navo neni tose kuti nei madutu acho akajairika mumagariro ekumaodzanyemba pane kuchamhembe.
Misangano yakati wandei yeuchapupu, dzidziso yemamiriro ekunze, migumisiro yemamiriro ekunze, mabhanhire edu enzvimbo dzegungwa repasi rese "nemabhandi makurukota emakomo ekuchamhembe hemisphere.
Isu tinoratidzawo kuti, nekufamba kwenguva, madutu emuodzanyemba Hemisphere akatanga zvakanyanya, nepo avo vari kuchamhembe hemisphere vasina. Izvi zvinowirirana nemamiriro ekunze emamiriro ekunze ekudziya kwepasirese.
Izvi zvinoshandurwa zvine basa nekuti tinoziva kuti dutu rakasimba rinogona kutungamira mukuwedzera kwakanyanya kwakadai mhepo dzakanyanyisa, kupisa uye kunaya kwemvura.
Kwenguva yakareba, kutarisisa kwemamiriro ekunze pasi pano kwakagadzirwa kubva panyika. Izvi zvakapa nesainzi mufananidzo wakajeka wedutu remhepo mune kuchamhembe hemisphere. Nekudaro, kumaodzanyemba hemisphere, iyo inofukidza inenge makumi maviri muzana yenyika, hatina kuwana mufananidzo wakajeka wemadutu kusvika Satellite kucherechedzwa kwakawanikwa mukupera kwa1970s.
Kubva pamakumi emakore ekutarisa kubva pakutanga kweiyo Satellite Era, tinoziva kuti dutu remakwikwi ezhizha ndevane makumi maviri nematanhatu muzana vakasimba kupfuura avo vari kuchamhembe hemisphere.
Izvi zvinoratidzwa mumepu pazasi, izvo zvinoratidza iyo yakaonekwa gore regore neyekumaodzanyemba hemisphere (Center) kubva muna 1980 kusvika ku198
Mepu inoratidza kusimba kwakanyanya kwedutu remadutu mumaruwa ekumaodzanyemba mune yekumaodzanyemba hemisphere uye yavo yekushambadzira muPacific uye Atlantic Ocean (yakavezwa muorenji) kuchamhembe hemisphere. Mepu iri mutsauko inoratidza kuti dutu rakasimba mumasikati hemisphere pane kuchamhembe hemisphere (orange shading) pane akawanda maxitude.
Kunyangwe paine akawanda edzidziso dzakasiyana, hapana anopa tsananguro yakajeka yemusiyano mumadutu pakati pemaviri hemispheres.
Kutsvaga zvikonzero zvinoita kunge kuri kwakaoma basa. Unonzwisisa sei hurongwa hwakaoma kudaro hwakatora zviuru zvemakiromita semamiriro ekunze? Hatigone kuisa pasi muchirongo ndokuidzidza. Nekudaro, izvi ndizvo chaizvo zvakaita masayendisiti anodzidza fizikisi yemamiriro ekunze ari kuita. Isu tinoshandisa mitemo yefizikadzi uye tishandise kuti vanzwisise mamiriro ekunze epasi nemamiriro ekunze.
Muenzaniso wakakurumbira weiyi nzira iyi ndeyebasa rekupayona raDr. Shizha Manabe, uyo akagamuchira mubairo we20091 mufizikisi "nekufanotaura kwake kwakasimba kwekudziya kwepasirese." Kufanotaura kwaro kwakavakirwa pamhando dzemamiriro ekunze epasi, kubva pane yakapfava-yemhando yekudziya edzimisa mhando kune yakazara-mamirimita matatu-matatu. Iyo inodzidza mhinduro yemamiriro ekunze ekukwira mwero wecarbon dials dioxide mumamiriro ekunze ekunyanyisa kuomarara uye monitors anobuda mumasaini kubva pasi pepasi pepasi pepfungwa.
Kuti tinzwisise madutu mazhinji kumaodzanyemba hemisphere, isu takaunganidza akati wandei euchapupu, kusanganisira data kubva kufissics-based mamiriro emamiriro ekunze. Mudanho rekutanga, tinodzidza kucherechedzwa maererano nesimba rinoparadzirwa pasi rese.
Sezvo nyika iri nzvimbo, yayo yepasi inogamuchira radiation isina kujairika kubva kuZuva. Yakawanda yesimba inogamuchirwa uye inobatwa neyedhonza, uko marara ezuva akarova pamusoro pazvo zvakananga. Mukupesana, matanda anovhenekera hits kuFlep angles anogamuchira shoma simba.
Makumi emakore ekutsvaga akaratidza kuti simba redutu rinobva mumusiyano uyu nesimba. Chaizvoizvo, vanoshandura "simba" simba rakachengetwa mumusiyano uyu mu "Kinetic" simba rekufamba. Shanduko iyi inoitika kuburikidza nemaitiro anozivikanwa se "baroclinis kusagadzikana".
Maonero aya anoratidza kuti zviitiko zvezuva zvinoitika hazvigone kutsanangura huwandu hwakanyanya hwemadutu mumugwagwa wekumaodzanyemba hemisphere, sezvo zvese zvinetso zvinogamuchira huwandu hwakaenzana hwezuva. Panzvimbo iyoyo, kuongorora kwedu kunozivisa kunoratidza kuti musiyano wedutu kukura pakati pezasi nechokumaodzanyemba kunogona kuve nekuda kwezvikamu zviviri zvakasiyana.
Kutanga, kutakurwa kwesimba regungwa, kazhinji rinotaurwa se "bhandi re" rebhandi. " Mvura inonyura pedyo neNorth Pole, inoyerera pamwe chete neyegungwa pasi, inokwira yakatenderedza Antarctica, uye inoyerera ichidzokera kuchamhembe pamwe neequator, yakatakura simba nazvo. Mhedzisiro yekupedzisira ndiko kuendesa kwesimba kubva kuAntarctica kuNorth Pole. Izvi zvinoumba musiyano wakakura wepamhepo pakati peiyo equator uye matanda kumaodzanyemba hemisphere pane kuchamhembe hemisphere, zvichikonzerwa nedutu rakasimba kumaodzanyemba hemisphere.
Chinhu chechipiri ndiyo makomo makuru kuchamhembe hemisphere, iyo, sebasa raManabe raManabe rakurudzira, dutu remhepo. Mhepo mahombekombe pamusoro pegomo rakakura rinogadzira yakakwira uye inokanda inoderedza huwandu hwesimba rinowanikwa kune madutu.
Nekudaro, kuongororwa kwe data kucherechedzwa yega haigone kuvimbisa izvi zvinokonzeresa, nekuti zvinhu zvakawandisa zvinoshanda uye zvinopindirana panguva imwe chete. Zvakare, isu hatigone kusabvisa zvikonzero zvevanhu kuti vaedze kukosha kwavo.
Kuti tiite izvi, tinoda kushandisa mamiriro ekunze ekudzidza kuti sei mhepo shanduko kana zvinhu zvakasiyana zvabviswa.
Patakarongedza makomo epasi mukufungidzira, musiyano wedutu kukura pakati pemasimpfelita akagadziriswa. Patakabvisa bhandi regungwa remakungwa, imwe hafu yemusina mutsindo wanga aenda. Saka, kekutanga, isu tikamufumura tsananguro yekongiri yemadutu mumugwagwa wekumaodzanyemba hemisphere.
Sezvo dutu rakabatanidzwa neakanyanya munharaunda maitiro akadai semhepo dzakanyanyisa, tembiricha uye precipitation, mubvunzo unokosha watinofanira kupindura kuti kana madutu emunguva yemberi achasimba kana asina kusimba.
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Chishandiso chakakosha mukugadzirira nzanga kurarama nemhedzisiro yemamiriro ekunze shanduko ndiyo gadziriro yekufanotaura zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze emamiriro ekunze. Chidzidzo chitsva chinoratidza kuti dutu rekumaodzanyemba hemispheln hembe dzinowedzera kusvika pakupera kwezana remakore.
Kusiyana neizvozvo, shanduko muavhareji yegore rose yekuwedzera kwemadutu mune kuchamhembe hemisphere inofungidzirwa kuve pakati nepakati. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekukwikwidza mwaka mwaka pakati pekudziya mumhepo dzinopisa, dzinoita kuti madutu asimbe, uye nekukurumidza kupisa muArctic, iyo inoita kuti vasaseki.
Nekudaro, mamiriro ezvinhu pano uye iye zvino ari kuchinja. Patinotarisa shanduko dzemakumi emakore apfuura, tinoona kuti dutu remadutu rave kuwedzera zvakanyanya mukufamba kwegore rekumaodzanyemba hemisphere
Kunyangwe mhando dzikarerutsa chiratidzo, ivo vanoratidza shanduko dzinoitika kune zvimwewo zvemuviri. Ndokunge, shanduko mumakungwa anowedzera madutu nekuti inodziya mvura inofamba yakananga kune iyo equator uye mvura inotonhora inounzwa pamusoro peAntarctica kuti iite, zvichikonzera kusiyana kwakasimba pakati peiyo equator uye matanda.
Muchamhembe hemisphere, shanduko dzegungwa dzinogadziriswa nekurasikirwa negungwa nechando, zvichikonzera iyo arctic kuti ibatwe neyakajeka zuva uye nekuderedza musiyano uripo pakati peiyo equator uye matanda.
Matanda ekuti mhinduro yekurudyi yakakwira. Zvichava zvakakosha kuti tishande mune ramangwana kuti tigoona kuti nei mhando dzichirerutsa chiratidzo chedzaka, asi zvichikoshawo zvakafanana kuwana mhinduro kwayo yezvikonzero zvekurudyi.
Xiao, T. et al. .
Gamuchira madhiri ezvinyorwa zvese zvakakosha zvinyorwa uye mapepa kubva kuCarbon pfupi neemail. Tsvaga zvakawanda nezve tsamba yedu pano.
Gamuchira madhiri ezvinyorwa zvese zvakakosha zvinyorwa uye mapepa kubva kuCarbon pfupi neemail. Tsvaga zvakawanda nezve tsamba yedu pano.
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