Pack ice kufukidzwa muArctic Ocean yadonha kusvika padanho rechipiri-rakadzika kubva pakatanga kutariswa setiraiti muna 1979, masayendisiti ehurumende yeUS akadaro Muvhuro.
Kusvika mwedzi uno, kamwe chete mumakore makumi mana nemaviri adarika dehenya reNyika rakaoma nechando rakafukidza zvisingasviki mamirioni mana emakiromita (1.5 miriyoni masikweya mamaira).
Iyo Arctic inogona kuona zhizha rayo rekutanga-isina aizi kutanga muna 2035, vaongorori vakashuma mwedzi wapfuura mujenari Nature Climate Change.
Asi sinou yose iri kunyunguduka neaizi hazvikwidzi zvakananga mwero wegungwa, kungofanana nekunyunguduka kweaizi machubhu kusingadere girazi remvura, izvo zvinounza mubvunzo wakaoma: Ndiani ane hanya?
Sezvinobvumwa, aya mashoko akaipa kumapere e<em>polar, ayo, maererano neongororo yakaitwa munguva pfupi yapfuura, atova munzira yokutsakatika.
Hongu, izvi zvinoreva kushanduka kwakadzama kwenzvimbo dzemugungwa dzenharaunda, kubva ku phytoplankton kuenda kumawhale.
Sezvazvinoitika, kune zvikonzero zvakati kuti zvekunetsekana nemhedzisiro yekuderera kwechando chegungwa reArctic.
Zvichida pfungwa inonyanya kukosha, masayendisiti anoti, nderekuti kupera kwechando mashizha haisi chiratidzo chekudziya kwepasi chete, asi simba rinotyaira shure kwayo.
"Kubviswa kweaizi yegungwa kunofumura gungwa rakasviba, izvo zvinogadzira nzira ine simba yekupindura," nyanzvi yefizikisi Marco Tedesco weColumbia University's Earth Institute akaudza AFP.
Asi apo chionioni chakatsiviwa nemvura yebhuruu yakasviba, inenge chikamu chimwe chete muzana chesimba rinopisa rePasi rakatorwa.
Hatisi kutaura nezvenzvimbo yezvitambi pano: mutsauko uripo pakati peavhareji yeaizi yepasi kubva 1979 kusvika 1990 uye nzvimbo yakaderera yakanyorwa nhasi inodarika 3 miriyoni mativi emakiromita - kaviri iyo yeFrance, Germany neSpain yasanganiswa.
Makungwa ari kutotora 90 muzana yekupisa kwakanyanya kunogadzirwa neanthropogenic greenhouse magasi, asi izvi zvinouya nemubhadharo, kusanganisira shanduko yemakemikari, mafungu makuru emugungwa uye matombo ecoral ari kufa.
Mamiriro ekunze epasi akaoma kunzwisisa anosanganisira mafambiro emugungwa akabatana anosundwa nemhepo, mafungu, uye kunonzi kutenderera kwe thermohaline, iko kumene kunosundwa nokuchinja kwetembiricha (“kudziya”) uye kuzara kwemunyu (“brine”).
Kunyangwe shanduko diki mubhandi rekutakura gungwa (rinofamba pakati pemapango uye richitenderera makungwa ese matatu) rinogona kukanganisa mamiriro ekunze.
Semuyenzaniso, makore anoda kusvika 13 000 apfuura, apo Nyika yaichinja kubva panguva yechando ichienda kune imwe nguva yechando yaibvumira mhuka dzedu kuti dzibudirire, tembiricha yepasi rose yakangoerekana yadonha madhigirii mashoma.
Humbowo hweGeological hunoratidza kuti kudzikira kwekutenderera kwe thermohaline kunokonzerwa nekuwanda uye nekukurumidza kwemvura inotonhora kubva kuArctic ndiyo imwe mhosva.
"Mvura yakachena kubva mugungwa rinonyunguduka nechando chepasi muGreenland inovhiringidza uye inopedza simba Gulf Stream," chikamu chebhandi rekutakura rinoyerera muAtlantic Ocean, akadaro muongorori Xavier Fettweiss weYunivhesiti yeLiege muBelgium.
"Ndosaka Western Europe ine mamiriro ekunze akapfava kupfuura North America palatitude imwe chete."
Aizi hombe panyika muGreenland yakarasikirwa nematani anopfuura mabhiriyoni 500 emvura yakachena gore rakapera, iyo yose yakapinda mugungwa.
Huwandu hwerekodhi hwakakonzerwa nekukwira kwetembiricha, iyo iri kukwira zvakapetwa kaviri muyero muArctic pane dzimwe nyika.
"Ongororo dzinoverengeka dzakaratidza kuti kuwedzera kwechirimo cheArctic chakakwira chikamu nekuda kwehushoma hweaizi yegungwa," Fettwiss akaudza AFP.
Maererano neongororo yakabudiswa mupepanhau Nature muna Chikunguru, mamiriro ekunze ekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze uye kutanga kwezhizha risina ice, sezvinotsanangurwa neUN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Climate Panel, iri pasi pe 1 mamiriyoni emakiromita emakiromita.pakupera kwezana rino remakore, mapere zvechokwadi achafa nenzara.
"Kudziya kwepasi kunokonzerwa nevanhu kunoreva kuti mabheya ane aizi shoma mugungwa muzhizha," munyori anotungamira wekudzidza Stephen Armstrup, sainzi mukuru wePolar Bears International, akaudza AFP.