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Chelsea Wold mutori wenhau anoshanda akazvimirira anogara kuThe Hague, Netherlands uye munyori weDaydream: An Urgent Global Quest to Change Toilets.
Specialized toilet systems inobvisa nitrogen nezvimwe zvinovaka muviri kubva muweti kuti zvishandiswe sefotereza nezvimwe zvigadzirwa.Mufananidzo Chikwereti: MAK/Georg Mayer/EOOS NEXT
Gotland, chitsuwa chikuru cheSweden, chine mvura yakachena shoma.Panguva imwecheteyo, vagari vari kunetsekana nehuwandu hwengozi hwekusvibiswa kubva mukurima uye masisitimu etsvina ari kukonzera maruva anokuvadza anotumbuka akatenderedza Gungwa reBaltic.Vanogona kuuraya hove uye kurwarisa vanhu.
Kubatsira kugadzirisa iyi nhevedzano yezvinetso zvemhoteredzo, chitsuwa chiri kuisa tariro yacho pachinhu chimwe chisingafungidzirwe chinozvisunga: weti yevanhu.
Kutanga muna 2021, timu yekutsvagisa yakatanga kushanda nekambani yemuno inorenda zvimbuzi zvinotakurika.Chinangwa ndechekutora marita anopfuura 70,000 eweti mukati memakore matatu munzvimbo dzisina mvura uye zvimbuzi zvakatsaurirwa munzvimbo dzakawanda munguva yevashanyi vezhizha.Chikwata ichi chakabva kuSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) muUppsala, iyo yakaruka kambani inonzi Sanitation360.Vachishandisa maitiro akagadzirwa nevaongorori, vakaomesa weti kuita kongiri-senge chunks, ivo vobva vakuya kuita hupfu ndokutsikirirwa mumafetereza granules anoenderana nemidziyo yepurazi.Varimi vemunzvimbo iyi vanoshandisa fetereza iyi kurima bhari, iyo inozoendeswa kumabikirwo edoro kuti iburitse ale anogona kudzokera muchikamu mushure mekudyiwa.
Prithvi Simha, mainjiniya emakemikari kuSLU uye CTO yeSanitation360, akati chinangwa chevaongorori "kupfuura pfungwa uye kuisa mukuita" kushandisazve weti pamwero mukuru.Chinangwa ndechekupa muenzaniso unogona kutevedzerwa pasi rose."Chinangwa chedu ndechekuti munhu wese, kwese kwese, aite chiitiko ichi."
Muchiyedzo muGotland, bhari yakanyudzwa weti (kurudyi) yakaenzaniswa nemiti isina kubereka (pakati) uye nemamineral fertilizer (kuruboshwe).Mufananidzo wechikwereti: Jenna Senecal.
Chirongwa cheGotland chikamu chekuedza kwakafanana kwepasi rose kupatsanura weti kubva kune dzimwe mvura yakaraswa uye kuigadzira patsva kuita zvigadzirwa sefotereza.Muitiro uyu, unonzi diversion weti, uri kuongororwa nemapoka ari muUnited States, Australia, Switzerland, Ethiopia, neSouth Africa, pakati pemamwe.Kuedza uku kunodarika marabhoritari eyunivhesiti.Weti dzisina mvura dzakabatana nepasi pekurasa masisitimu kumahofisi muOregon neNetherlands.Paris inoronga kuisa zvimbudzi zvinotsaudzira weti munzvimbo ine vagari chiuru iri kuvakwa munzvimbo yechigumi neina yeguta.European Space Agency ichaisa zvimbuzi makumi masere pamuzinda wayo weParis, uyo uchatanga kushanda gare gare gore rino.Vatsigiri vezvekuita weti vanoti inogona kuwana mashandisirwo munzvimbo dzinobva munzvimbo dzechiuto kuenda kumisasa yevapoteri, maguta akapfuma uye zvitangwena.
Masayendisiti anoti kuchinjisa weti, kana ikaiswa pamwero mukuru pasi rose, inogona kuunza zvikomborero zvikuru kune zvakatipoteredza uye hutano hwevanhu.Izvi zvimwe imhaka yekuti weti ine zvakawanda zvinovaka muviri zvisingasvibise mvura uye zvinogona kushandiswa kuisa fetereza muzvirimwa kana kuti mumaindasitiri.VaSimha vanoti vanhu vanogadzira weti inokwana kutsiva chikamu chimwe muzvina chefetereza yenitrogen nephosphate pasi rose;inewo potassium uye akawanda trace elements (ona "Constituents in urine").Zvakanakisa zvezvose, nekusagezesa weti pasi pemvura, unochengetedza mvura yakawanda uye unoderedza mutoro pachembera uye yakaremerwa seweji system.
Sekureva kwenyanzvi dziri mundima iyi, zvinhu zvakawanda zvinoshandura weti zvinogona kukurumidza kuwanikwa nekuda kwekufambira mberi muzvimbuzi uye nzira dzekurasa weti.Asi panewo zvipingamupinyi zvikuru zvechinjo huru mune chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zvikurusa zvoupenyu.Vatsvagiri nemakambani vanofanirwa kugadzirisa zviuru zvezvinetso, kubva pakuvandudza dhizaini yezvimbuzi zvinotsausa weti kusvika pakuita kuti weti ive nyore kugadzira uye kuita zvigadzirwa zvakakosha.Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira masisitimu ekurapa makemikari akabatana nezvimbudzi zvega-munhu kana midziyo yepasi pese inoshandira chivako chose nekupa masevhisi ekudzoreredza nekuchengetedza chigadzirwa chabuda kana chakaomeswa (ona "Kubva Weti kuenda Kuchigadzirwa").Pamusoro pezvo, kune nyaya dzakakura dzekuchinja kwemagariro uye kugamuchirwa, dzakabatana nemhando dzakasiyana dzetsika dzechivanhu dzine chekuita netsvina yevanhu uye nemakongiresi akadzama pamusoro pemvura yetsvina yemaindasitiri uye masisitimu echikafu.
Sezvo nzanga iri kunetseka nokushayikwa kwesimba, mvura, uye zvinhu zvokushandisa pakurima nemaindasitiri, kuchinjisa weti uye kushandiswazve “idambudziko guru pamashandisirwo atinoita utsanana,” inodaro nyanzvi yezvipenyu inonzi Lynn Broaddus, chipangamazano weMinneapolis..“Rudzi ruchawedzera kukosha.Minnesota, aive Mutungamiriri wekare weAquatic Federation yeAlexandria, Va., Sangano repasi rose revashandi vemhando yemvura.“Chaizvoizvo chinhu chinokosha.”
Kare, weti yaive chinhu chakakosha.Kare, dzimwe nzanga dzaiishandisa kuisa fetereza muzvirimwa, kugadzira matehwe, kuwacha mbatya, uye kugadzira pfuti.Ipapo, mukupera kwezana ramakore rechi 19 nekuvamba kwezana ramakore rechi 20, muenzaniso wazvino uno wokushandiswa kwemvura yakaraswa pakati pepakati wakamuka muGreat Britain ndokupararira pasi rose, kuchiguma neinonzi upofu hweweti.
Mumuenzaniso uyu, zvimbuzi zvinoshandisa mvura kukurumidza kubvisa weti, tsvina, uye bepa rechimbuzi pasi pemvura, yakasanganiswa nedzimwe mvura inobva mudzimba, mumaindasitiri, uye dzimwe nguva madhiri emvura.Munzvimbo dzepakati pekuchenesa mvura yetsvina, maitiro ane simba-akawanda anoshandisa microorganisms kurapa tsvina.
Zvichienderana nemitemo yenzvimbo uye mamiriro emiti yekurapa, mvura yetsvina inobudiswa kubva pakuita uku inogona kunge iine huwandu hwakawanda hwenitrogen uye zvimwe zvinovaka muviri, pamwe chete nezvimwe zvinosvibisa.57% yehuwandu hwepasirese haina kubatana nepakati peseweji system zvachose (ona "Sewage yevanhu").
Masayendisiti ari kushanda kuti masisitimu epakati arambe akasimba uye asasvibisa, asi kutanga neSweden muma1990s, vamwe vaongorori vari kusundira kune dzimwe shanduko dzakakosha.Kufambira mberi pakupera kwepombi "ingori imwe shanduko yechinhu chimwe chete chakashata," akadaro Nancy Love, injinjini yezvakatipoteredza paYunivhesiti yeMichigan paAnn Arbor.Kubvisa weti kuchave "kuchinja," anodaro.MuChidzidzo 1, iyo yakatevedzera masisitimu ekutonga kwemvura yetsvina mumatunhu matatu eUS, iye nevamwe vake vakaenzanisa masisitimu akajairwa ekuchenesa mvura yetsvina ane fungidziro yekuchenesa mvura yetsvina masisitimu anotsausa weti uye kushandisa zvinovaka muviri zvakadzoserwa panzvimbo pekugadzira fetireza.Vanofungidzira kuti nharaunda dzinoshandisa weti dzinogona kuderedza kubuda kwegasi regreenhouse nezvikamu makumi mana nezvinomwe kubva muzana, kushandiswa kwesimba nezvikamu makumi mana nerimwe kubva muzana, kushandiswa kwemvura yakachena nehafu, uye kusvibiswa kwekudya kwemvura yakasviba nechikamu che64%.tekinoroji inoshandiswa.
Nekudaro, iyo pfungwa inoramba iri niche uye yakanyanya kuganhurirwa kunzvimbo dzinozvitonga dzakadai seScandinavia eco-misha, kuvaka kumaruwa, uye kusimukira munzvimbo dzine mari shoma.
Tove Larsen, injiniya wemakemikari kuSwiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag) kuDübendorf, anoti kusaririra kwakawanda kuri kukonzerwa nezvimbuzi pachazvo.Kutanga kuunzwa kumusika kuma1990 nema2000, zvimbudzi zvakawanda zvinotsausa weti zvine bheseni diki pamberi padzo kuti vatore mvura, chigadziro chinoda kunyatsonangana.Mamwe magadzirirwo anosanganisira mabhandi ekufambisa anofambiswa netsoka anoita kuti weti ibude sezvo manyowa anotakurwa kuenda kubhini recompost, kana masensa anoshandisa mavharuvhu kunanga weti kune imwe nzvimbo inobuda.
Chimbuzi chemuenzaniso chinopatsanura weti nekuiomesa kuita hupfu chiri kuongororwa pamuzinda wekambani yeSwedish yemvura netsvina yeVA SYD kuMalmö.Mufananidzo Chikwereti: EOOS NEXT
Asi mumapurojekiti ekuedza uye ekuratidzira muEurope, vanhu havana kugamuchira kushandiswa kwavo, Larsen akadaro, achinyunyuta kuti akawandisa, anonhuwa uye haana kuvimbika."Takaodzwa mwoyo nenyaya yezvimbuzi."
Kushushikana uku kwakatambudza kwekutanga kushandiswa kukuru kwezvimbuzi zvinobvisa weti, chirongwa chakaitwa muguta reSouth Africa reEthekwini mumakore ekuma2000.Anthony Odili, uyo anodzidza nezvehutano paUniversity of KwaZulu-Natal kuDurban, akati kuwedzera kwakangoerekana kwaitwa miganhu yeguta mushure mehudzvanyiriri kwakakonzera kuti zviremera zvitore dzimwe nzvimbo dzekumaruwa dzisina zvimbuzi nemvura.
Pashure pokunge korera yatanga muna August 2000, zviremera zvakakurumidza kutumira zvivako zvakawanda zvoutsanana izvo zvaiita zvainetsa, kusanganisira zvimbudzi 80 000 zvinobvisa weti, zvizhinji zvacho zvichiri kushandiswa nanhasi.Weti inonyura muvhu ichibva pasi pechimbuzi, uye tsvina inoguma yave munzvimbo yekuchengetera iyo iyo guta rakarasa makore mashanu ega ega kubva 2016.
VaOdili vanoti chirongwa ichi chakagadzira nzvimbo dzehutsanana dzisina njodzi munzvimbo iyi.Nekudaro, tsvagiridzo yesainzi yemagariro yakaona matambudziko mazhinji nechirongwa.Zvisinei nefungidziro yekuti zvimbuzi zviri nani pane hapana, zvidzidzo, kusanganisira zvimwe zvezvidzidzo zvaakapinda mazviri, zvakazoratidza kuti vashandisi kazhinji havazvide, akadaro Odili.Mazhinji acho akavakwa nezvinhu zvisina kunaka uye haana kugadzikana kushandisa.Nepo zvimbuzi zvakadaro zvichifanira kudzivirira kunhuhwirira, weti yemuzvimbuzi yeTheku inowanzoguma yave munzvimbo yekuchengetera tsvina, ichigadzira kunhuwa kunotyisa.Maererano naOdili, vanhu “vaisagona kufema zvakanaka.”Uyezve, weti haisati yashandiswa.
Pakupedzisira, maererano naOdili, sarudzo yekuunza weti-inotsausa zvimbudzi zvakaoma yakanga iri pamusoro-pasi uye yakanga isingatarise zvido zvevanhu, kunyanya nekuda kwezvikonzero zvehutano hwevanhu.Ongororo ye3 ya2017 yakaratidza kuti chikamu chinodarika makumi mapfumbamwe neshanu kubva muzana chevakabvunzwa kuTheku vaida kuwana zvimbuzi zviri nyore, zvisinganhuhwi zvinoshandiswa nevagari veguta vakapfuma vakapfuma, uye vazhinji vakaronga kuzviisa kana zvinhu zvichibvumira.MuSouth Africa, zvimbuzi zvagara zviri chiratidzo chekusaenzana kwemarudzi.
Nekudaro, iyo nyowani dhizaini inogona kunge iri budiriro mukutsauka weti.Muna 2017, inotungamirwa nemugadziri Harald Grundl, akabatana naLarsen nevamwe, Austrian dhizaini kambani EOOS (yakarukwa kubva kuEOOS Inotevera) yakaburitsa musungo weti.Izvi zvinobvisa kudiwa kwemushandisi kuti avavarire, uye basa rekushandura weti rinenge risingaonekwe (ona "Chimbuzi chitsva").
Inoshandisa katsika kekunamira pamusoro pemvura (inonzi kettle effect nekuti inoita senge ketero inodonha) kunangisa weti kubva pamberi pechimbuzi kupinda mugomba rakaparadzana (ona “Magadzirirwo eWeti”). Yakagadzirwa nemari kubva kuBill & Melinda Gates Foundation muSeattle, Washington, iyo yakatsigira kutsvagisa kwakakura kwechimbuzi hunyanzvi hwekugadzirisa mari yakaderera, iyo Urine Trap inogona kuiswa mune zvese kubva kumusoro-yekupedzisira ceramic pedestal modhi kusvika kupurasitiki squat. mapani. Yakagadzirwa nemari kubva kuBill & Melinda Gates Foundation muSeattle, Washington, iyo yakatsigira kutsvagisa kwakakura kwechimbuzi hunyanzvi hwekugadzirisa mari yakaderera, iyo Urine Trap inogona kuiswa mune zvese kubva kumusoro-yekupedzisira ceramic pedestal modhi kusvika kupurasitiki squat. mapani. Yakagadzirwa nemari kubva kuBill & Melinda Gates Foundation muSeattle, Washington, iyo yakatsigira huwandu hwakawanda hwekutsvaga kwekutsvaga chimbuzi chemari shoma, musungo weti unogona kuvakwa muzvinhu zvose kubva kumhando dzine zvigadziko zveceramic kusvika kumapuranga epurasitiki.hari. Yakagadzirwa nemari kubva kuBill & Melinda Gates Foundation muSeattle, Washington, iyo inotsigira tsvakiridzo yakadzama mune yakaderera-inotambira chimbuzi innovation, muunganidzi weurini anogona kuvakwa mune zvese kubva kumusoro-yekupedzisira ceramic-based modhi kusvika epurasitiki squat trays.Mugadziri weSwitzerland LAUFEN ari kutoburitsa chigadzirwa chinonzi "Chengetedza!"kumusika weEurope, kunyangwe mutengo wayo wakanyanya kukwirisa kune vakawanda vatengi.
Yunivhesiti yeKwaZulu-Natal neKanzuru yeTheku zvakare vari kuyedza zvimbuzi zvinoteya weti zvinogona kutsausa weti nekubvisa tumarara.Panguva ino, chidzidzo chinotarisa zvakanyanya kune vashandisi.Odie ane tarisiro yekuti vanhu vachasarudza zvimbuzi zvitsva zvinotsausa weti nekuti zvinonhuwirira zviri nani uye zviri nyore kushandisa, asi anoti varume vanofanirwa kugara pasi kuti vaite weti, inova shanduko huru yetsika.Asi kana zvimbuzi "zvikatorwawo uye kutorwa nevagari venzvimbo dzepamusoro - nevanhu vanobva kwakasiyana madzinza - zvichabatsira kupararira," akadaro."Tinofanira kugara tiine lenzi yerudzi," akawedzera, kuti tive nechokwadi chekuti havagadzirise chimwe chinhu chinoonekwa se "chitema chete" kana "murombo chete."
Kuparadzanisa weti ingori danho rekutanga pakushandura hutsanana.Chikamu chinotevera chiri kufunga zvekuita nezvazvo.Mumaruwa, vanhu vanogona kuuchengeta muzvisviniro kuti vauraye utachiona hupi nohupi ndokuzoaisa kuminda yokurima.Sangano reWorld Health Organisation rinokurudzira kuita izvi.
Asi nharaunda yemuguta yakanyanya kuoma - iyi ndiyo iyo yakawanda yeweti inogadzirwa.Zvingave zvisingaite kuvaka masiweji akati wandei muguta rese kuti aendese weti kunzvimbo yepakati.Uye nemhaka yokuti weti inenge 95 muzana yemvura, inodhura zvikuru kuchengeta nokutakura.Nokudaro, vatsvakurudzi vari kutarisa pakuomesa, kuisa pfungwa, kana kuti zvimwe kubvisa zvinovaka muviri kubva muweti pamwero wechimbuzi kana chivakwa, vachisiya mvura kumashure.
Hazvizove nyore, akadaro Larson.Kubva pamaonero einjiniya, "piss mhinduro yakaipa," akadaro.Pamusoro pemvura, ruzhinji iurea, nitrogen-rich compound iyo inogadzirwa nemuviri seyakagadzirwa neprotein metabolism.Urea inobatsira pachayo: vhezheni yekugadzira ndeye yakajairika nitrogen fetereza (ona Nitrogen Zvinodiwa).Asi zvakare kunyengera: kana yasanganiswa nemvura, urea inoshanduka kuita ammonia, iyo inopa weti kunhuwa kwayo.Kana isina kuvhurwa, ammonia inogona kunhuwa, kusvibisa mhepo, uye kubvisa yakakosha nitrogen.Yakagadziriswa neubiquitous enzyme urease, kuita uku, kunonzi urea hydrolysis, kunogona kutora mamicroseconds akati wandei, zvichiita kuti urease ive imwe yema enzymes anoshanda zvakanyanya anozivikanwa.
Dzimwe nzira dzinobvumira hydrolysis kuti ienderere mberi.Vatsvagiri veEawag vakagadzira nzira yepamberi inoshandura weti ine hydrolyzed kuita yakaomeswa kudya kunovaka.Kutanga, mu aquarium, tupukanana tunoshandura volatile ammonia kuita isiri-volatile ammonium nitrate, fetireza yakajairika.Iyo distiller inobva yaisa mvura.Imwe kambani inonzi Vuna, zvakare yakavakirwa muDübendorf, iri kushanda kutengeserana hurongwa hwezvivakwa uye chigadzirwa chinonzi Aurin, icho chakatenderwa kuSwitzerland chezvirimwa zvekudya kekutanga pasirese.
Vamwe vanoedza kumisa kuita kwehydrolysis nekukurumidza kusimudza kana kudzikisa pH yeweti, iyo kazhinji haina kwayakarerekera kana yaburitswa.Pakambasi yeYunivhesiti yeMichigan, Rudo ari kubatana neasina purofiti Earth Abundance Institute muBrattleboro, Vermont, kugadzira hurongwa hwezvivakwa hunobvisa mvura citric acid kubva muzvimbuzi zvinotsausa uye zvimbuzi zvisina mvura.Mvura inoputika kubva muweti.Weti yacho inobva yazara nekuomesa nechando kakawanda uye kunyorova5.
Chikwata cheSLU chinotungamirwa neinjiniya wezvakatipoteredza Bjorn Winneros pachitsuwa cheGotland chakagadzira nzira yekuomesa weti kuita urea yakasimba yakasanganiswa nezvimwe zvinovaka muviri.Chikwata chinoongorora yavo yazvino prototype, chimbuzi chakasununguka chine yakavakirwa-mukati yekuomesera, pamuzinda weSweden wemvura nekambani yesuweji VA SYD muMalmö.
Dzimwe nzira dzinonanga kudya kwega kwega muweti.Vanogona kubatanidzwa zviri nyore mumaketani aripo efotereza nemakemikari emumaindasitiri, anodaro mainjiniya wemakemikari William Tarpeh, aimbove postdoctoral paLove's iye zvino ave kuStanford University kuCalifornia.
Imwe nzira yakajairika yekudzorera phosphorus kubva kune hydrolyzed urine kuwedzera kwe magnesium, iyo inokonzera kunaya kwefetereza inonzi struvite.Tarpeh iri kuyedza nemagranules ezve adsorbent zvinhu zvinogona kusarudza kubvisa nitrogen seammonia6 kana phosphorus sephosphate.Hurongwa hwake hunoshandisa mvura yakasiyana inonzi regenerant inoyerera nemumabharumu mushure mekunge apera.Iyo regenerant inotora zvinovaka muviri uye inovandudza mabhora echikamu chinotevera.Iyi ndiyo yakaderera-tech, passive nzira, asi zvekutengesa regenerates zvakaipa kune zvakatipoteredza.Iye zvino timu yake iri kuyedza kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvakachipa uye zvine hushamwari zvakatipoteredza (ona "Kusvibisa Kweramangwana").
Vamwe vaongorori vari kugadzira nzira dzekugadzira magetsi nekuisa weti mumasero emafuta emagetsi.MuCape Town, South Africa, chimwe chikwata chakagadzira nzira yekugadzira zvidhinha zvekuvaka zvisina kujairika kuburikidza nekusanganisa weti, jecha uye mabhakitiriya anogadzira urease kuita chakuvhe.Vanoverengera kuita chero chimiro pasina kupfura.IEuropean Space Agency iri kutarisa weti yevachadenga senzira yekuvaka dzimba pamwedzi.
"Pandinofunga nezveramangwana rakafara rekudzokorora weti uye kudzoreredzwa kwemvura yakasviba, tinoda kukwanisa kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvakawanda sezvinobvira," akadaro Tarpeh.
Sezvo vatsvakurudzi vachitsvaga mazano ekugadzirisa weti, vanoziva kuti ihondo inokwidza, kunyanya kune indasitiri yakadzika midzi.Makambani efotereza nechikafu, varimi, vagadziri vezvimbuzi nevanotungamira vakanonoka kuita shanduko huru kumaitiro avo."Kune inertia yakawanda pano," akadaro Simcha.
Semuenzaniso, paYunivhesiti yeCalifornia, Berkeley, kutsvagisa uye kuisirwa dzidzo kweLAUFEN chengetedza!Izvi zvinosanganisira kushandisa mari pavagadziri vezvivakwa, kuvaka uye kutevedzera mirau yekanzuru - uye izvo hazvisati zvaitwa, akadaro Kevin Ona, injinjini yezvakatipoteredza uyo ave kushanda kuWest Virginia University kuMorgantown.Vati kushaikwa kwemakodhi nemirau iripo kwakakonzera matambudziko kune manejimendi ezvivakwa izvi, saka vakabva vapinda muchikwata chaigadzira macode matsva.
Chikamu cheiyo inertia chinogona kunge chiri nekuda kwekutya kushora kuramba, asi ongororo ye2021 yevanhu vari munyika gumi nematanhatu7 yakawana kuti munzvimbo dzakaita seFrance, China neUganda, kuda kudya chikafu chakasimbiswa weti yaive pedyo ne80% ( ona Will people eat ndizvo?').
Pam Elardo, anotungamira Wastewater Administration semutevedzeri wemutungamiriri weNew York City Environmental Protection Agency, akati anotsigira hunyanzvi hwakadai sekuchinjisa weti sezvo zvinangwa zvakakosha zvekambani yavo ndezvekuderedza kusvibiswa uye kudzoreredza zviwanikwa.Anotarisira kuti kuguta rakaita seNew York, nzira inonyanya kushanda uye inodhura yekutsausa weti ichave iri off-grid masisitimu mune retrofit kana zvivakwa zvitsva, zvichiwedzerwa nekugadzirisa uye kuunganidza mabasa.Kana vagadziri vanogona kugadzirisa dambudziko, "vanofanira kushanda," akadaro.
Tichifunga kufambira mberi uku, Larsen anofanotaura kuti kugadzirwa kwakawanda uye otomatiki ye tekinoroji yekuchinjisa weti inogona kunge isiri kure.Izvi zvichavandudza bhizinesi kesi yeshanduko iyi kuenda kumarara manejimendi.Urinary diversion "ndiyo nzira chaiyo," akadaro.“Iyi ndiyo tekinoroji chete inogona kugadzirisa matambudziko ekudya kumba nenguva ine mwero.Asi vanhu vanofanira kugadzirisa pfungwa dzavo. "
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